Further Reading

The Cascadia dialogue began to emerge in academia in the 1970's but gained popular traction during the debates around globalization in the 1990's.

The Anti-Globalization Movement helps explain the ideology of the Cascadia movements, and vice versa.

The Cascadia Independence Movement is potentially a manifestation of the Ecotopian narrative, based on anti-globalization and environmental values. There are divergent ideologies associated with the Cascadia term.

Ecotopia was a utopian novel written in the 1970's by Ernest Callenbach that has been manifested in reality in recent years, in some predictable and unpredictable ways. In addition to being a literary concept, the Cascadia movement is rooted in the science of bioregionalism.

The counterculture, wilderness ethic of the 1970's was influenced by Beat literature, including The Dharma Bums by Jack Kerouac.

The most detailed map of Cascadia is well regarded in the cartographic field. Fair-Trade is one of the movements that integrated economic, social, and environmental concerns, which Ecotopia and now Cascadia embody.

Cascadia and left-wing groups in the Northwest of the US find resonance with populist values, most recently the Democratic Socialism of Bernie Sanders. The income inequality issues were exacerbated by the economic crisis of the Great Recession.

The American Northwest can be characterized by iconoclastic, individualistic, and contrasting values, which were present in public narratives between Ken Kesey, who wrote One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Sometimes a Great Notion, and Wallace Stegner who wrote Angle of Repose. Those divisive perspectives may illuminate the differing visions of Cascadia.

Thomas Friedman was a vocal proponent of economic globalization, which is heavily critiqued by the Anti-Globalization Movement. The clash of ideas was also visible in Seattle during the World Trade Organization meeting protests.

At the same time, forest policies were being challenged by groups espousing radical environmental values, well documented in the If a Tree Falls Film.

The utopian and dystopian literary genres have continued to tackle environmental issues, notably Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood. Atwood also wrote a fascinating novel called Surfacing.